From 2001 to 2005, my research focus was the role of pro­tein turn-​​over in car­diac pro­tec­tion. Spe­ci­fi­cally, pro­tea­some is the major pro­tease in the heart. When the heart is under stress, the pro­duc­tion of dama­ged pro­teins dras­ti­cally inc­rea­ses. Such pro­teins need to be remo­ved in a timely fashion; other­wise they will induce toxic effects. In these cir­cums­tan­ces, pro­tea­some regu­la­tion is one of the main mecha­nisms to coun­te­ract the stress. I have deve­lo­ped metho­do­logy to puri­fied pro­tea­some from murine heart tis­sue and analy­zed the com­po­si­tion of this pro­tein com­plex. Further­more, I explo­red the role of phosphory­la­tion in tuning the func­tio­na­lity of this pro­tein com­plex. Pro­tea­some regu­la­ting kinase/​phosphatase has been iden­ti­fied and the tar­gets of such modi­fi­ca­tions repor­ted. Besi­des my own pro­ject, I also acti­vely par­ti­ci­pa­ted in other on-​​going pro­jects inves­ti­ga­ting car­diac pro­tec­tion sig­na­ling net­work, inc­lu­ding mitochon­dria rela­ted apop­to­sis and kinase sig­na­ling cas­cade. The ove­rall goal of the research is to illus­trate the mole­cu­lar mecha­nism of car­diac pro­tec­tion and find sui­ta­ble tar­gets for pos­si­ble cli­ni­cal interventions.

Over the years, I have mas­te­red mul­ti­ple bio­lo­gi­cal tech­ni­ques, inc­lu­ding Fast Pro­tein Liquid Chro­ma­to­graphy (FPLC: ion-​​exchange chro­ma­to­graphy, gel-​​filtration chro­ma­to­graphy, hydrophobic-​​interaction chro­ma­to­graphy, reverse-​​phase chro­ma­to­graphy and affi­nity chro­ma­to­graphy), wes­tern blot­ting, Immu­no­pre­ci­pi­ta­tion, Enzyme-​​Linked Immu­no­sor­bent Assay (ELISA), 1D SDS PAGE, 2D elec­tropho­re­sis, Native gel elec­tropho­re­sis, blue native gel elec­tropho­re­sis, zymo­gen elec­tropho­re­sis, DNA aga­rose elec­tropho­re­sis, poly­me­rase chain reac­tion, recom­bi­nant pro­tein expres­sion and puri­fi­ca­tion (both bac­te­ria and insect cells), mam­ma­lian cell cul­ture, kinase acti­vity assay and pro­tease acti­vity assay. Further­more, I have per­so­nally pur­sued and very fami­liar with immu­nohis­toche­mistry, con­fo­cal mic­ros­copy, elec­tron mic­ros­copy, MALDI-​​TOF mass spec­tro­metry and HPLC cou­pled tan­dem mass spec­tro­metry. My strength is com­bi­ned bio­logy and pro­teo­mics background.